The 7 Most Important Health Screenings for Men Over 40

For men over 40, the most important health screenings are those that detect cardiovascular risks and common cancers early.

This includes regular checks for blood pressure, cholesterol, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and type 2 diabetes.

These preventive measures are vital because many serious conditions develop without obvious symptoms in their initial stages.

Entering your 40s marks a significant milestone, not just in life, but for your health.

It's the decade when the risks for chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers begin to climb.

A staggering statistic from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveals that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men in the United States.

The good news? Many of the underlying risk factors are manageable or treatable when caught early through routine screenings.

This comprehensive guide will walk you through the seven most important health screenings for men over 40, plus a few others you should discuss with your doctor.

We'll explore why each test matters, the recommended schedule, and what you can expect, empowering you to take a proactive role in your long-term health.

Read on to build your personal men's health checklist and partner effectively with your healthcare provider.

Why Are Health Screenings for Men Over 40 So Crucial?

Many men operate on an “if it ain't broke, don't fix it”; mentality when it comes to their health. If you feel fine, why see a doctor?

This mindset is one of the biggest barriers to men's health.

A 2022 Cleveland Clinic survey found that 55% of men do not get regular health screenings.

This becomes increasingly risky after age 40, as this is when the cumulative effects of lifestyle and genetics often begin to manifest as measurable health issues.

The right screenings for men over 40 are designed to find diseases before you have symptoms. Early detection dramatically increases the effectiveness of treatment, reduces complication risks, and in many cases, can be lifesaving.

Think of these screenings as a routine inspection for a high-performance machine—your body.

They provide a baseline of your health, identify silent risk factors like high blood pressure or cholesterol, and allow you and your doctor to create a personalized plan for prevention, which might include lifestyle changes or medication.

What Are the Core Cardiovascular Screenings I Need?

Heart disease remains the number one threat to men's health. The American Heart Association reports that from ages 40-59, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is approximately 40% for men.

These two screenings are non-negotiable parts of any list of screenings for men over 40 to monitor heart health.

1. Blood Pressure Screening

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is often called the “silent killer” because it typically has no symptoms but quietly damages your arteries, heart, brain, and kidneys over time.

According to UCLA Health, more than 60% of men aged 40-59 have high blood pressure.

Why it's important: Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
When to get it: At least once every year. If your blood pressure is borderline or you have other risk factors (like diabetes or being overweight), your doctor may recommend more frequent checks.
What to expect: A simple, painless test using an inflatable cuff around your arm. A reading below 120/80 mm Hg is considered normal. Readings consistently at or above 130/80 mm Hg are considered hypertension.

hypertension-prevalence-in-men-increases-sharply-with-age

Data Source: CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, Data Brief No. 511, October 2024

2. Cholesterol Panel (Lipid Profile)

A cholesterol panel is a blood test that measures different types of fats in your blood, including LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, HDL (“good”) cholesterol, and triglycerides.

High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries (atherosclerosis), narrowing them and increasing your risk of a heart attack or stroke.

Why it's important: Like high blood pressure, high cholesterol has no symptoms. It's a critical piece of the puzzle for assessing your overall cardiovascular risk.
When to get it: The U.S. National Library of Medicine recommends starting cholesterol screening by age 35 for men with no risk factors, and earlier for those with risk factors. After 40, you should be tested every 4-5 years, or more often if your levels are abnormal or you have other risks like diabetes or a family history of heart disease.
What to expect: A simple blood draw, usually after a 9- to 12-hour fast (no food or drink except water). Your doctor will analyze the complete panel to determine your risk and recommend lifestyle changes or medication if needed.

How Should I Approach Cancer Screenings?

Cancer risk also increases with age. For men over 40, proactive screening for the most common types of cancer is essential for early detection, when treatments are most successful.

3. Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in men in the U.S. and a leading cause of cancer-related death.

However, it is highly preventable and treatable when found early. Due to a rising incidence in younger adults, the screening guidelines have recently changed.

Why it';s important: Screening can find precancerous polyps—abnormal growths in the colon or rectum—so they can be removed before they turn into cancer. It can also find colorectal cancer early, when treatment is most effective.
When to get it: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) now recommends that men at average risk begin screening at age 45. Men with a family history of the disease or other risk factors may need to start even earlier.
What to expect: You have several options to discuss with your doctor:
- Colonoscopy (every 10 years): The gold standard. A doctor uses a thin, flexible tube to examine the entire colon.
- Stool-based tests (every 1-3 years): Less invasive tests like the FIT or sDNA-FIT (Cologuard) check for hidden blood or abnormal DNA in the stool. A positive result requires a follow-up colonoscopy.
- CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy, every 5 years): Uses a CT scan to create a detailed image of the colon.

4. Prostate Cancer Screening

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer among American men.

The screening for it, however, is not a one-size-fits-all recommendation.

The primary screening tool is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.

While it can detect cancer early, it can also lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of slow-growing cancers that may never have caused harm.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) emphasizes shared decision-making. This means you should have a conversation with your doctor about the pros and cons of testing before deciding if it's right for you.

Why it's important: For some men, early detection can be lifesaving. For others, the risks of treatment (such as incontinence or erectile dysfunction) may outweigh the benefits.
When to have the conversation:
- Age 50 for men at average risk.
- Age 45 for men at high risk, including African American men and men with a first-degree relative (father, brother) diagnosed before age 65.
- Age 40 for men with more than one first-degree relative diagnosed at an early age.
What to expect: The discussion will cover your personal risk factors and values. If you choose to proceed, it involves a simple PSA blood test. A digital rectal exam (DRE) may also be performed.

5. Skin Cancer Check

Men, particularly older men, are diagnosed with melanoma—the deadliest form of skin cancer—at higher rates than women.

This may be due to greater cumulative sun exposure and a lower likelihood of using sun protection.

Melanoma often appears in hard-to-see places like the back or scalp.

Why it's important: When caught early, the survival rate for melanoma is very high. Regular checks are key to spotting suspicious changes.
When to get it: There is no set age, but an annual skin check by a dermatologist is a good practice for all adults, especially those with fair skin, a history of sunburns, or a family history of skin cancer. You should also perform monthly self-exams.
What to expect: A dermatologist will perform a full-body visual exam. At home, use the ABCDE rule to check moles or spots: Asymmetry, irregular Border, uneven Color, Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and Evolving or changing.

What Metabolic and Hormonal Health Checks Are Important?

Your metabolism and hormone levels also undergo significant changes as you age.

Monitoring them is key to preventing chronic disease and maintaining your quality of life.

6. Diabetes (Type 2) Screening

Type 2 diabetes risk increases significantly with age and weight gain.

Men are also slightly more likely to develop it than women.

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to severe complications, including heart disease, nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision loss.

Why it's important: Many people have prediabetes—higher-than-normal blood sugar levels—for years without knowing it. Early detection through screening can allow for lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise) to prevent or delay the onset of full-blown diabetes.
When to get it: The USPSTF recommends screening for all adults aged 35 to 70 who are overweight or have obesity. The American Diabetes Association also recommends screening starting at age 35. Testing should be repeated every three years if results are normal.
What to expect: Common tests include the Hemoglobin A1c (a blood test that reflects your average blood sugar over the past 3 months), a fasting plasma glucose test, or an oral glucose tolerance test.

7. Testosterone Level Assessment

Testosterone levels naturally decline with age, about 1% per year after age 30.

While “low T”; has become a popular topic, routine screening for it in all men is not recommended. However, if you experience persistent symptoms, a discussion with your doctor is warranted.

Why it's important: Clinically low testosterone can cause symptoms that impact quality of life, including low libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, loss of muscle mass, and depression. These symptoms can also be caused by other medical conditions, so a proper diagnosis is crucial.
When to discuss it: Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing a combination of the symptoms above. Don't self-diagnose or seek treatment without a medical evaluation.
What to expect: Your doctor will first rule out other causes for your symptoms. If low testosterone is suspected, a blood test—ideally taken in the morning when levels are highest—can measure your total testosterone.

Are There Other Key Screenings I Should Consider?

Beyond the core seven, a comprehensive health plan involving screenings for men over 40 should include these important checks.

Comprehensive Eye Exam

Your risk for age-related eye diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration starts to increase in your 40s. Glaucoma, in particular, can cause irreversible vision loss without any early symptoms.

Why it's important: A baseline eye exam can detect early signs of disease before you notice any changes in your vision.
When to get it: The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a baseline comprehensive eye exam for all adults at age 40. Your eye doctor will then recommend a follow-up schedule based on your results and risk factors, typically every 2-4 years.

Mental Health Screening

Mental health is just as important as physical health, yet it's often overlooked, especially in men.

Societal pressures can make it difficult for men to acknowledge and discuss feelings of depression or anxiety.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, men are less likely to seek help for mental health issues and more likely to die by suicide.

Why it's important: Depression and anxiety are treatable medical conditions. A screening can be the first step toward getting effective help.
When to get it: Your primary care provider should screen you for depression during your annual physical. Be honest about your stress levels, mood, and how you're coping.

Bone Density Scan (Osteoporosis): Not Just for Women

While osteoporosis is more common in women, men can and do get it.

It's a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures.

Risk factors for men include a family history, long-term steroid use, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.

Why it's important: A fracture, especially of the hip, can be a life-altering event. Screening can assess your fracture risk before one occurs.
When to discuss it: The Endocrine Society recommends screening for men aged 70 and older, and for men aged 50-69 who have risk factors. Talk to your doctor about your personal risk.

Summary Table of Recommended Screenings

Screening	Recommended Starting Age	Frequency	Purpose
Blood Pressure	Annually from age 18+	At least once a year	Detect hypertension to prevent heart attack and stroke.
Cholesterol Panel	Age 35 (or 20 with risk factors)	Every 4-5 years (more if abnormal)	Assess risk for cardiovascular disease.
Colorectal Cancer	Age 45 (average risk)	Varies by test (1-10 years)	Find and remove precancerous polyps; detect cancer early.
Prostate Cancer (PSA)	Discuss with doctor at age 50 (40-45 if high risk)	Based on shared decision-making	Informed decision about detecting prostate cancer.
Skin Cancer Check	No set age; perform monthly self-exams	Annually with a dermatologist recommended	Detect melanoma and other skin cancers early.
Diabetes (Type 2)	Age 35	Every 3 years (more if prediabetic)	Detect prediabetes and diabetes to prevent complications.
Testosterone Level	No routine screening	Only if symptomatic and after medical evaluation	Diagnose clinically low testosterone causing symptoms.
Comprehensive Eye Exam	Baseline at age 40	Every 2-4 years, or as recommended	Screen for glaucoma, cataracts, and other eye diseases.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do I really need a physical every year if I feel healthy?
Yes. An annual physical is your opportunity to get these essential screenings, discuss any subtle changes in your health, and build a relationship with your doctor. Many conditions that the recommended screenings for men over 40 look for have no early symptoms.
What';s the difference between a colonoscopy and a stool test?
A stool test (like FIT) is a non-invasive test you do at home to check for signs of cancer. A colonoscopy is a diagnostic and preventive procedure where a doctor visually inspects your entire colon and can remove precancerous polyps on the spot. A positive stool test always requires a follow-up colonoscopy.
Is the PSA test for prostate cancer reliable?
The PSA test can be elevated for reasons other than cancer, such as an enlarged prostate or infection, leading to false positives. It also can't distinguish between aggressive and slow-growing cancers. That's why an informed discussion about its limitations and benefits with your doctor is so critical when considering screenings for men over 40.
At what age should I stop getting certain screenings?
This depends on the test and your overall health. For example, colorectal cancer screening is generally recommended until age 75. The decision to stop screening for prostate cancer is often based on a life expectancy of less than 10 years. Always discuss this with your doctor.
Does health insurance cover these preventive screenings?
Under the Affordable Care Act, most insurance plans are required to cover many preventive services, including key screenings for men over 40 like those for blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and colorectal cancer, at no cost to you. Check with your specific plan for details.
How can I prepare for a cholesterol test?
A lipid panel usually requires you to fast for 9 to 12 hours beforehand. This means you should not eat or drink anything except water during that period to ensure an accurate reading.
What does a “pack-year” mean for lung cancer screening?
A “pack-year” is a way to measure smoking history. One pack-year is equivalent to smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for one year. A 20 pack-year history could be one pack a day for 20 years or two packs a day for 10 years.
Why is men's mental health screening so important?
It's important because depression and anxiety are real medical illnesses that often go undiagnosed in men due to stigma. Screening opens the door to effective treatments, improving quality of life and preventing tragic outcomes like suicide.

Conclusion

Turning 40 is a call to action.

It's the perfect time to shift from a reactive to a proactive approach to your health.

The screenings for men over 40 outlined in this guide are your best defense against the most common health threats men face.

They are simple, evidence-based tools that can provide peace of mind or, more importantly, catch a problem at its most treatable stage.

Your health journey is a partnership between you and your doctor.

Use this guide to start a conversation, ask informed questions, and get the screenings you need.

Don't wait for symptoms to appear. Your future self will thank you.

Take the next step: Schedule your annual check-up today and discuss this men's health checklist with your provider. Share this article with the men in your life—your friends, brothers, and father. It could save a life.